Africa is the second largest continent in the world after Asia. The continent covers around 30.3 million km², including adjacent islands. This is about 20% or one-fifth of Earth's land area. Africa has 54 countries and other dependencies/territories, and its population size of 1.4 billion people accounts for about 18% of the world's population. This article ranks all 54 countries and other dependencies by landmass and population to help you discover the largest country in Africa.
Africa is incredibly diverse, comprising 54 fully recognized sovereign states, each with varying government types, most of which utilize parliamentary systems. The continent is also home to eight cities and islands that are part of non-African states, and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. Understanding these dynamics provides insight into Africa's geopolitical landscape and its rich tapestry of cultures.
Largest Country in Africa by Land Mass
When it comes to landmass, Algeria takes the crown as the largest country in Africa. With a total area of approximately 2,381,740 km², Algeria not only ranks as the largest in Africa but is also the tenth-largest country in the world. The country features a diverse landscape that includes a Mediterranean coastline and a vast Saharan desert interior.
- Capital city: Algiers (El Djazaïr)
- Government: Semi-presidential system
- Currency: Algerian Dinar
- Official languages: Arabic, Tamazight
- Area: 2.382 million km²
Despite its vast land area, Algeria's population stands at about 45,606,480 people, making it the 10th largest country in Africa by population. This stark contrast between landmass and population density is common across many African nations, highlighting the continent's diverse demographics.
Ranking of Countries in Africa by Land Mass
Countries like South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya are often recognized for their cultural and economic contributions, but they do not occupy the largest land areas in Africa. Below is a list of the 54 African countries ranked by landmass from largest to smallest:
| Country | Total area (km²) |
|---|---|
| Algeria | 2,381,740 |
| DR Congo | 2,344,858 |
| Sudan | 1,861,484 |
| Libya | 1,759,540 |
| Chad | 1,284,000 |
| Niger | 1,267,000 |
| Angola | 1,246,700 |
| Mali | 1,240,192 |
| South Africa | 1,219,090 |
| Ethiopia | 1,104,300 |
In addition to these larger countries, there are many smaller nations that add to the continent's diversity, each with its own unique culture and geography. Understanding these rankings not only informs us about geographical sizes but also highlights economic and cultural significance in a global context.
Largest Country in Africa by Population
While Algeria holds the title for landmass, Nigeria is the largest country in Africa by population, boasting approximately 223,804,632 people. This West African nation is strategically located with a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and a rich cultural heritage that spans various ethnic groups and traditions.
- Capital city: Abuja
- Government: Federal republic system
- Currency: Nigerian Naira
- Official language: English
- Area: 923,768 km²
The population density in Nigeria stands in contrast to its land area, making it one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. The country's growth and development are influenced by its youthful demographic and economic opportunities, positioning it as a significant player on the continent.
Ranking of Countries in Africa by Population
The following table summarizes the populations of the largest African countries, showcasing the demographic distribution across the continent:
| Country | Population size |
|---|---|
| Nigeria | 223,804,632 |
| Ethiopia | 126,527,060 |
| Egypt | 112,716,598 |
| DR Congo | 102,262,808 |
| Tanzania | 67,438,106 |
This ranking reflects not only the human resource potential of each country but also the various challenges they face, such as infrastructure, education, and health care. Understanding population dynamics is crucial for policy-making and development strategies across the continent.
Smallest Countries in Africa
In contrast to the largest countries, the smallest countries in Africa offer unique insights into the continent's diversity. The Gambia, with a total area of just 11,300 km², is the smallest country that is not an island. Meanwhile, Seychelles, an archipelago of 115 islands, holds the title for the smallest country in Africa overall, occupying just 455 km².
These smaller nations contribute to the cultural and ecological diversity of Africa, showcasing rich histories and unique landscapes. Understanding their roles within the larger context of the continent is essential for appreciating Africa's overall complexity and diversity.
Final Thoughts on Africa's Geographical Diversity
In summary, Africa's vast landmass and diverse population distribution highlight the continent's complexity. Algeria and Nigeria, as the largest by area and population respectively, exemplify the differences in land use and demographic patterns. By exploring these dynamics, we not only gain a better understanding of the continent but also appreciate its unique cultural heritage.
As we delve deeper into Africa's geography and demographics, it becomes clear that both large and small nations play significant roles in shaping the continent's future. Understanding these aspects can foster greater appreciation and informed discussions about Africa's place in the world.
